Apparatus and method for setting user interface according to user preference

ABSTRACT

Provided are an apparatus and method for setting a user interface according to user preferences, more particularly, an apparatus and method for setting the user interface according to the user preferences, in which the user interface can be set up by reflecting the user preferences, and the set user interface is synchronized in order to be used in other devices. The apparatus includes a user-interface-configuration unit that is notified of an update and rearrangement of a predetermined user interface element by a user, a user-information-management unit that manages security information of the user that reconfigures the user interface element, and a user-interface-tree-management unit that reconfigures a predetermined user-interface tree based on the reconfigured user-interface element.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is based on and claims priority from Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2006-0045850 filed on May 22 2006, in the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporatedherein in its entirety by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for setting auser interface according to user preferences, and more particularly, tosetting a user interface according to user preferences, in which theuser interface can be set up based on the user preferences andsynchronized so as to be used in other devices.

2. Description of the Related Art

Users interact with information devices through user interfaces. Theseuser interfaces have structures, and are displayed by software usinggraphics.

The user interfaces in most devices have such a configuration that theycannot be added to or deleted from by the users. Accordingly, unlessuser responses and process flow are considered during the designprocess, inconvenience and repeated loads will occur. As a result,various attempts have been made to improve user interfaceconfigurations.

Most devices have their own user interfaces that users must use tooperate the device, which is not optimal.

In order to overcome such an inconvenience, some mobile terminalsprovide functions that allow users to change the order of specific menusor icons.

However, such functions still do not allow the users to overcomerestrictions in menu management, synchronizing the user-interface setupamong the terminals, and re-using the user interface.

In addition, the user interface configuration is customized informationincluding the frequently used operations and user preferences, and inorder to maximize effectiveness should be consistent in devices of asimilar category, as well as when carrying out a specific operation.

That is, in the case of the mobile terminal, it is time consuming forthe user to have to repeat the same task in order to set up the userinterface or transmit the same content.

Japanese Unexamined Patent No. 2003-005883 (Method and System forSetting Terminal Function, Terminal, and Program) discloses a method ofsetting a terminal function to configure a menu screen by downloading afile displaying the menu screen. The prior art relates to a method oftransmitting and receiving files necessary for the screen configurationof the terminal from a server, but does not disclose a technique forhaving each element forming the user interface as a management tree andlinking a system through synchronization.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention toprovide a user interface that can be set up according to userpreferences.

The object, features and advantages, of the present invention willbecome clear to those skilled in the art upon review of the followingdescription, attached drawings and appended claims.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided anapparatus for setting a user interface according to user preferences,the apparatus including a user-interface-configuration unit that isnotified of an update and rearrangement of a predetermined userinterface element by a user; a user-information-management unit thatmanages security information of the user that reconfigures the userinterface element; and a user-interface tree-management unit thatreconfigures a predetermined a user interface tree based on thereconfigured user interface element.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method of setting a user interface according to user preferences, themethod including being notified of an update of a predetermined userinterface element from a user; generating a predetermined user interfaceevent when the user interface element is updated by the user; andmanaging user-interface tree information so that it corresponds to thegenerated user interface event.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method of setting a user interface according to user preferences, themethod including requesting user interface information from a device;receiving the user interface information; synchronizing user interfacesbased on the user interface information; and storing the user interfaceinformation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features and advantages of the present inventionwill become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodimentsthereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exterior of an apparatus forsetting a user interface based on user preferences according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an internal block diagram illustratinguser-interface-tree-management in an apparatus for setting a userinterface based on user preferences according to another exemplaryembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3A illustrates a correlation between the structure of a userinterface and the nodes of a user interface tree in an apparatus forsetting the user interface based on user preferences according to afurther exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3B illustrates a correlation among nodes of a user interface treein an apparatus for setting the user interface based on user preferencesaccording to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a process of updating a user interface entity in amethod of setting the user interface based on user preferences accordingto a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a process of synchronizing a userinterface in an apparatus for setting the user interface based on userpreferences according to a further exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 6A is a flow chart illustrating a process of displaying a userinterface that fits a multimedia device screen in a method of settingthe user interface based on user preferences according to a furtherexemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6B illustrateshow the user interface fits the multimedia device screen;

FIG. 7 illustrates how a user interface is displayed based on a batterystatus in a method of setting the user interface based on userpreferences according to a further exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 8 illustrates how a remote user manages a user interface of aspecific device in a method of setting the user interface based on userpreferences according to a further exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described indetail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Aspects and advantages of the present invention, and methods ofaccomplishing the same, may be understood more readily by reference tothe following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments and theaccompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodiedin many different forms and should not be construed as being limited tothe exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplaryembodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough andcomplete and will fully convey the concept of the invention to thoseskilled in the art, and the present invention will only be defined bythe appended claims. Like reference numerals refer to like elementsthroughout the specification.

The present invention is described hereinafter with reference toflowchart illustrations of user interfaces, methods, and computerprogram products according to exemplary embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exterior of an apparatus forsetting a user interface based on user preferences according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a multimedia device 100 includes auser-interface-display unit 110, a user information-management unit 120,a user-interface-configuration unit 130, a user interfacesynchronization-processing unit 140, and auser-interface-tree-management unit 150. Here, the multimedia device isa display device providing predetermined images and sound, and may be amobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or a portablemultimedia player (PMP).

Here, the term “module” means, but is not limited to, a software orhardware component, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or anApplication Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), which executes certaintasks. A module may advantageously be configured to reside in theaddressable storage medium, and configured to execute on one or moreprocessors. Thus, a module may include, by way of example, components,such as software components, object-oriented software components, classcomponents and task components, processes, functions, attributes,procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware,microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays,and variables. The functionality provided for in the components andmodules may be combined into fewer components and modules or furtherseparated into additional components and modules.

The user-interface-display unit 110 outputs the components of the userinterface through a display unit (e.g. a multimedia device screen).Here, the user-interface-display unit 110 rearranges user interfaceinformation, and outputs it as it appears in the multimedia device.

In addition, the user-interface-display unit 110 may display theoperations performed by a user.

The user information-management unit 120 manages security information ofthe user who is authorized to use a predetermined multimedia device 100.Here, access to the predetermined multimedia device 100 and provideduser interface-configuration information is restricted according to thesecurity information of the user.

For example, the managing of the information of the user authorized touse the predetermined multimedia device 100 is initially executed by theuser having owner authority. User interface elements may be thenceforthchanged or rearranged by determining whether the access to themultimedia device 100 should be granted according to additional securityinformation of the user.

The user-interface-configuration unit 130 is notified of an update ofthe user interface element and the rearrangement thereof by the user.For example, the user-interface-configuration unit 130 changes aproperty value of the user interface element. Here, the information ofthe user interface elements that have been added, changed, or deleted bythe user is detected and confirmed via theuser-interface-tree-management unit 150, and used when renewing actualtree information. Here, the user interface element refers to a userinterface entity and a scheme, which will be described in detailhereinafter with reference to FIG. 3.

In addition, the user-interface-configuration unit 130 can displayoverall configuration information of the user interface tree, and theuser may select a specific element and execute an operation with respectthereto.

The user interface synchronization-processing unit 140 transmitsinformation on the user interface-configuration to the predeterminedmultimedia device 100, is linked to the user-interface-tree-managementunit 150, and receives a list of the user-interface-tree informationtherefrom.

In addition, the user interface synchronization-processing unit 140 isdivided into a synchronization unit 141 and a connector 142.

The synchronization unit 141 transmits user interface entity informationto other multimedia devices or configures the same user interface treestructure by receiving the entity information from the other multimediadevices.

For example, each synchronization unit 141 of theuser-interface-tree-management unit 150 in a transmitter and a receiversynchronizes the user interfaces based on node information in the userinterface tree that is managed by the synchronization unit 141.

The connector 142 supports a protocol that transmits the datatransmitted from the synchronization unit 142 to other multimediadevices. Here, a protocol configuration includes tree node locationinformation, node information, device information, and user information.

The user-interface-tree-management unit 150 manages all the userinterface elements in the multimedia device 100.

For example, the user-interface-tree-management unit 150 generates andmanages information on the properties of the user interface elements,changed entity, and configuration by the node, and manages the overalluser interface information in the shape of a tree. Hereinafter, adetailed description on the user-interface-tree-management unit 150 willbe described with reference to FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 is an internal block diagram illustrating auser-interface-tree-management in an apparatus for setting a userinterface based on user preferences according to another exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, a user-interface-tree-management unit 150 includesa user-interface-event monitor 151, auser-interface-information-management unit 152, and a user interfacestorage unit 153.

If there is a change in a user interface entity, theuser-interface-event monitor 151 generates a specific event, andtransmits it to the user-interface-information-management unit 152.Here, the user-interface-information-management unit 152 executesinternal tasks according to the property of the event for specificprocessing.

Here, the user interface event includes UI_CREATE (generated when a newuser interface entity is created), UL_UPDATE (generated when an existinguser interface is updated), and UI_DESTROY (generated when the existinguser interface is destroyed).

The user-interface-information-management unit 152 manages theinformation on the user interface elements in a tree structure, i.e., itupdates and manages the user-interface-tree information through theuser-interface-event monitor 151 when an event occurs in order tocorrespond to the user interface event that occurred.

For example, the user-interface-information-management unit 152 updatesthe node corresponding to the user interface entity within the tree whencreating, updating, and destroying a specific user interface entity,which renews the overall user-interface-tree information.

In addition, the user-interface-information-management unit 152 executesoperations such as create-node (the creation of a new node), update_node(a update on an existing node), and destroy_node (the destruction of theexisting node) in order to renew the user-interface-tree information.

The user interface storage unit 153 stores the user-interface-treeinformation (e.g. the user interface entity information) that is updatedby the user-interface-information-management unit 152. Here, the userinterface storage unit 153 may exist in a specific file system in themultimedia device 100 or be stored in a remote user interface serverthat integratedly manages the overall user interface information.

FIG. 3 illustrates a correlation between the structure of a userinterface and the nodes of a user interface tree in an apparatus forsetting the user interface based on user preferences according to afurther exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3A, the user interface tree has a hierarchicalstructure and each node is classified into four structures (e.g. a userinterface entity, a scheme, a preference, and a device). Here, a newnode can be defined and added to the existing nodes of the userinterface, and thus belong to the category of the present invention.

A user interface entity set is a parental node of the user interfaceentities including a plurality of the user interface entities. Here, theuser interface entity refers to an individual element on a screen. Thatis, the user interface entity is the individual element of a means ofexpression that can exist visually, audibly, and tactilely.

For example, a graphical element represented by an icon, the vibrationof a device, the motions of some components and the sound effects may beused as a user interface entity.

In addition, the user interface entity has state variables and actionvariables needed for the control of operations, and each property of theuser interface entity has an updated state that is maintained when ascheme is made.

Further, the user interface entity includes “ID” that indicates the IDvalue of the user interface node; “Lock” that indicates whether the userinterface entity has been created, updated, or destroyed according touser preferences; “Icon” that indicates an object representing thecorresponding user interface element; “Link” that indicates an objectaddress that can be executed by the corresponding user interfaceelement; “Visible” that indicates whether an icon is available; “Level”that indicates a relative depth in a screen; and “Position” thatindicates a relative coordinate value in the screen.

A scheme set is a parental node of the schemes, and includes a pluralityof user interface entities. Here, the scheme is formed of a combinationof the user interface entities.

In addition, the scheme includes “ID” that indicates an ID value of thescheme node; “Category” that indicates a classification type of thescheme; “Owner” that indicates information on the owner of the scheme;and “User Interface EntitySet” that indicates information on theuser-interface-entity configuration included in the scheme.

Further, the user preference refers to a configuration node of a schemethat is applied to a predetermined device, and includes: “Default” thatindicates a default scheme; “Schedule” that indicates action events orscheduled set-up based on time in the device; “Time” that indicates thetime when the scheduled set-up is; “Interval” that indicates howfrequently the update is executed; and “SchemeOrder” that indicates alist of IDs of each scheme that is hierarchically applied.

A device set refers to a node that configures the property of thedevices to which a user interface is applied. Here, the device refers tothe node indicating configuration information of each device.

In addition, the device includes “ID” that indicates an ID value of thedevice node; “Category” that indicates a classification type of thedevice; “Condition” that indicates each property as a variable in thedevice; “Screen” that indicates state variables of a screen (e.g. ascreen size and a screen direction); and “Battery” that indicates abattery status (e.g. a battery level and battery information indicatinga user interface display mode).

FIG. 3B illustrates a correlation among nodes of a user interface tree.

Referring to FIG. 3B, an entity node includes “ID”, “Lock”, “Icon”,“Link”, “Visible”, “Level”, and “Position” and a scheme node is formedof a set of the user interface nodes including “ID”, “Category”, “Owner”and “User Interface EntitySet”. In addition, a preference node is formedof a set of the scheme nodes including “Default”, “Schedule”, “Time”,“Interval”, and “SchemeOrder”.

That is, the user interface entity is formed of each user interfaceelement, the scheme is formed of a combination of the user interfaceentities, and the user preference value is formed of the schemes thatare set up differentially.

FIG. 4 illustrates a process of updating a user interface entity in amethod of setting the user interface based on user preferences accordingto a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

First, when a user drives a multimedia device 100, and requestsuser-interface-entity configuration (e.g. the creation, update, anddestruction thereof) via a user-interface-configuration unit 130 (S410),a user information-management unit 120 checks user security informationwith respect to the multimedia device 100 (S420), and determines whetherthe user is authorized to execute the user interface configuration(S430). Here, the access to the multimedia device 100 and the userinterface configuration information is restricted, and it is determinedwhether the user interface entity is configurable according to the usersecurity information managed by the user information-management unit 120

If it is determined that the user is authorized to execute theconfiguration of the multimedia device 100 (S430), the user configuresthe user interface entity of the multimedia device 100 (S440).

Once the user interface configuration has been competed by the user, auser-interface-event monitor 151 of a user-interface-tree-managementunit 150 monitors an event created by the user, i.e., theuser-interface-entity configuration (or re-configuration) (S450).

The user-interface-event monitor 151 transmits the result of themonitoring to a user-interface-information-management unit 152 thatupdates the user interface tree based on the transmitted result (S460).

Then, a user interface storage unit 153 stores the updated information(S470).

For example, a user updates specific node information, creates a newnode, or destroys a specific node via the user-interface-configurationunit 130 generating an event. The user-interface-event monitor 151transmits the generation of the event to theuser-interface-information-management unit 152.

The user-interface-information-management unit 152 reflects the resultof the event, and updates the user interface tree based on the generatedevent (e.g. the creation of the new node).

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a process of synchronizing a userinterface in an apparatus for setting the user interface based on userpreferences according to a further exemplary embodiment. Here, devices Aand B exist, and device B requests information on device A, anddescribes how an update is executed.

First, a user-interface-information-management unit of the device Asearches for user interface information requested by the device B(S510).

Next, the user-interface-information-management unit of the device Atransmits the searched user interface information to a synchronizationunit of the device A (S520), which transmits the received user interfaceinformation to the device B via a connector of the device A (S530 andS540).

The connector of the device B receives the user interface informationtransmitted from the device A (S550), and transmits it to auser-interface-information-management unit of the device B via thesynchronization unit of the device A (S560).

The user-interface-information-management unit of the device Bsynchronizes a user interface tree based on the user interfaceinformation transmitted from the device A (S570). That is, theuser-interface-information-management unit of the device B reflects theuser interface information transmitted from the device A on the deviceB, and updates the user interface tree.

The user interface storage unit of device B stores the user interfaceinformation transmitted from the user-interface-information-managementunit (S580 and S590).

FIG. 6A is a flow chart illustrating a process of displaying a userinterface that fits to a multimedia device screen in a method of settingthe user interface based on user preferences according to a furtherexemplary embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 6B illustratesthe displaying of the user interface that fits to the multimedia devicescreen.

Referring to FIG. 6A, when a user drives the multimedia device 100(S610), a user-interface-tree-management unit 150 detects user-preferredscheme information set by the user (S620).

Next, the user-interface-tree-management unit 150 searches for deviceinformation of the multimedia device 100 (S630). Here, the informationrefers to the size (e.g. large vs. small) and direction (vertical vs.horizontal) of a screen of the multimedia device 100. In addition, theinformation is searched for in order to rearrange the detecteduser-preferred scheme so that it fits to the screen of the multimediadevice 100.

The user-interface-tree-management unit 150 rearranges the detecteduser-preferred scheme information according to the searched deviceinformation 00 (S640).

For example, if the result of the device information search shows thatthe screen is large and oriented in a vertical direction, the setuser-preferred scheme element is enlarged and vertically rearranged. Ifthe screen size and direction of the set user-preferred scheme elementis the same as those of the searched multimedia device 100, therearrangement is not executed.

A user entity is displayed based on the rearranged user-preferred schemeelement (S650).

FIG. 6B illustrates how the user interface fits the multimedia devicescreen.

Referring to FIG. 6B, if the multimedia device 100 used by the user isA, the result of the device information shows that the screen of thedevice A is small and oriented in a vertical direction.

Accordingly, the user-preferred scheme element set by the user isrearranged on the device A, i.e., the user interface entity is arrangedvertically, and displayed on the screen of the device A.

In addition, if the multimedia device 100 used by the user is B, theresult of the device information shows that the screen of the device Bis small and oriented in a horizontal direction.

Accordingly, the user-preferred scheme element set by the user isrearranged on the device B, i.e., the user interface entity is arrangedhorizontally, and displayed on the screen of the device B.

Further, if the multimedia device 100 used by the user is C, the resultof the device information shows that the screen of device C is large andoriented in a horizontal direction.

Accordingly, the user-preferred scheme element set by the user isrearranged on the device C and displayed on the screen of device C.

FIG. 7 illustrates how a user interface is displayed based on a batterystatus in a method of setting the user interface based on userpreferences accordingly to a further exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

Referring to FIG. 7, a user drives a multimedia device 100 and auser-interface-tree-management unit 150 detects user-preferred schemeinformation set by the user.

The user-interface-tree-management unit 150 determines the battery levelof the multimedia device 100. If it is determined that the battery levelis high, the set user-preferred scheme element is displayed brightly.Here, the user-preferred scheme element is output in “Picture” mode.

For example, if the battery level is 10 and the display level is 5, thedisplay mode is set to “Picture” and the user interface is displayedpictorially.

In addition, if it is determined that the battery level is medium, theset user-preferred scheme element is displayed less brightly. Here, theuser-preferred scheme element is output in “Picture” mode.

For example, if the battery level is 7 and the display level is 4, thedisplay mode is set to “Picture” and the user interface is displayedpictorially.

Further, if it is determined that the battery level is low, the setuser-preferred scheme element is displayed at minimal brightness. Here,the user-preferred scheme element is output in “Text” mode.

For example, if the battery level is 1 and the display level is 1, thedisplay mode is set to “Text” and the user interface is displayedtextually.

FIG. 8 illustrates how a remote user manages a user interface of aspecific device in a method of setting the user interface based on userpreferences accordingly to a further exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

Referring to FIG. 8, a user-interface-tree-management unit 150 mayexecute reconfiguration of the user interface in a multimedia device 100by the user using the same. In addition, theuser-interface-tree-management unit 150 may reconfigure the userinterface in connection with a user interface server 1100 that storesuser interface information on a plurality of devices used among aplurality of users, and provides a telecommunications function

For example, the user is connected to the user interface server 1100,and accesses user-interface-tree information with respect to specificdevices 1200, 1300, and 1400 of an authorized user. Here, the user maypreferentially his/her access information.

The user interface reconfigured via the user interface server 1100 isstored in the user interface server 1100. Then, the user accesses theuser interface server 1100 via the device (e.g. device 1200) when usingthe device (e.g. the device, 1200), receives information on thereconfigured user interface, and may use and configure it in the device(e.g. device 1200).

As described above, according to an apparatus for, and a method of,setting a user interface according to user preferences, the followingeffects can be anticipated.

First, one advantage of the present invention is that the user interfacecan be set reflecting the user preferences, and the set user interfacecan be synchronized with other devices and used.

Second, a further advantage of the present invention is that userinterface configuration can be synchronized with all the devices thatbelong to one user, thereby enhancing convenience and usability.

Third, a further advantage of the present invention is that the userinterface can be reconfigured in various ways and specificuser-interface-configuration information can be easily exchanged amongusers by managing the user interface information via a user interfacetree.

The exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been explainedwith reference to the accompanying drawings, but it will be apparent tothose skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may bemade thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of theinvention. Therefore, it should be understood that the above exemplaryembodiments are not restrictive but illustrative in all aspects.

1. An apparatus for setting a user interface according to userpreferences, the apparatus comprising: a user-interface-configurationunit which is configured to be notified of a reconfiguration of a userinterface element by a user; a user-information-management unit whichmanages security information of the user that reconfigures the userinterface element; and a user-interface-tree-management unit whichreconfigures a user-interface tree based on the reconfiguration of theuser interface element.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein theuser-interface-tree-management unit comprises: a user-interface-eventmonitor that generates a user interface event when the user interfaceelement is reconfigured by the user; auser-interface-information-management unit that managesuser-interface-tree information based on the user interface event; and auser interface storage unit which stores the updated user-interface-treeinformation based on the generation of the user interface event.
 3. Theapparatus of claim 1, further comprising a user interfacesynchronization-processing unit which transmits the user-interface-treeinformation to other devices, and synchronizes the user-interface-timeinformation.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the user interfaceelement has a tree structure, and a new node of the user interfaceelement is added.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the new node ofthe user interface element is at least one of a user interface entity, ascheme, a user preference, and a device.
 6. A method of setting a userinterface according to user preferences, the method comprising: beingnotified of an update of a user interface element by a user; generatinga user interface event when the user interface element is updated by theuser; and managing user-interface-tree information based on thegenerated user interface event.
 7. The method of claim 6, furthercomprising determining whether the user is authorized to update the userinterface element based on the security information of the user when theuser requests to update the user interface element.
 8. The method ofclaim 6, wherein the user-interface-tree information is transmitted toanother device and synchronized with the other device.
 9. The method ofclaim 6, wherein the user interface element is in the shape of a treestructure, and a new node of the user interface element is added. 10.The method of claim 9, wherein the new node of user interface element isat least one of a user interface entity, a scheme, a user preference,and a device.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein thereconfiguration comprises updating, rearranging, or deleting.
 12. Theapparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a display unitconnected to the a user-interface-tree-management unit.
 13. Theapparatus according to claim 5, wherein the user interface entitycomprises an individual element of a means of expression that existsvisually, audibly, or tactilely.
 14. The apparatus according to claim 5,wherein the scheme is a combination of user interface entities.
 15. Amethod of setting a user interface according to user preferences, themethod comprising: requesting user interface information from a device;receiving the user interface information; synchronizing user interfacesbased on the user interface information; and storing the user interfaceinformation.